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Initial Investigations

For Mens

Test Name

Why it’s done

Semen Analysis

A semen analysis is a basic and important test for evaluating male infertility. To check sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape). Abnormal semen parameters can reduce the chance of natural pregnancy.

Hormone Test (Testosterone, FSH, LH)

Done if sperm count is low, to see if hormones are causing the problem

Scrotal Ultrasound

Scrotal Ultrasound (Only if needed) To check for any swelling or blockage in testicles

Initial Investigations

For Womens

Test Name

Why it’s done

Ovulation Test (Progesterone blood test)

Ovulation Test (Progesterone blood test) To check if you're releasing an egg (ovulating) each month

AMH Test

To check how many eggs you have (egg reserve) • High AMH: good reserve; Low AMH: reduced reserve. • Helps predict how a woman will respond to fertility treatments like IVF. • AMH naturally declines with age and is very low near menopause.

FSH, LH (Day 2–5 blood test)

To check hormone levels that control your cycle

Thyroid Test (T3, T4, TSH)

To rule out thyroid issues that can affect periods and fertility

Prolactin Test

To check if high levels are stopping ovulation

Pelvic Ultrasound

To see if your uterus and ovaries look healthy (cysts, fibroids, etc.)

HSG (X-ray of uterus & tubes)

To check if your Fallopian tubes are open (no blockage)

Fertility Awareness

Natural Planning

Select the Best Time for Intercourse
The highest chances of pregnancy are during the 6-day fertile window, especially the day of ovulation, the day when the egg is released (≈day 14). Daily or every-other-day intercourse during this time is ideal.

Track Ovulation

Use ovulation kits, cervical mucus monitoring, or fertility apps.
Cervical mucus (Discharge) becomes clear and stretchy when you’re fertile.

Maintain a Healthy Diet

For Female

Eat plenty of fresh vegetables like spinach, broccoli, carrots, etc.
Include fruits such as berries, oranges, apples, and bananas daily.
Choose whole grains: brown rice, oats, whole wheat bread, etc.
Add legumes like lentils, chickpeas, and black beans for plant-based protein.
Use healthy fats: olive oil, avocado, flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts.
Eat oily fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel) 2–3 times per week.
Consume low-fat fermented dairy: yogurt, cottage cheese, etc.
Snack on nuts and seeds: almonds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds.
Include eggs regularly for protein and vitamin D.

For Male

Follow a pro-fertility diet: whole grains, fruits/vegetables, dairy, seafood.
Fish and seafood are the main sources of omega-3 and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K; therefore, their incorporation into the diet may improve semen quality in men.
Avoid soy in large amounts.
Include green-leafy vegetables, eggs, and poultry.

Keep Your Body Weight in Check
Being underweight or overweight reduces fertility. Obesity affects ovulation and egg quality in women and lowers sperm quality in men. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a tool used to determine whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. This can be easily assessed using BMI calculator tools. Ideal BMI is 18.5 to 25.

Exercise Regularly

Moderate daily exercise (30–45 minutes) is helpful.
Too much vigorous exercise (especially in slim women) may reduce chances.
Men should avoid long hours of cycling (>5 hrs/week) as it may lower sperm count.

Use Lubricants, but with Caution

Use sperm-safe lubricants like baby oil or hydroxyethylcellulose-based ones.
Avoid saliva, K-Y Jelly, and Astroglide which may harm sperm.

Assisted Reproductive Techniques

IUI, IVF, ICSI – What, When, & How

Test Name

Why it’s done

IUI (Intrauterine Insemination)

A type of artificial insemination where sperm is placed directly into a woman's uterus When: Medicines given from Day 2 or 3 of periods Procedure: It involves placing sperm directly into a woman's uterus to increase the chances of pregnancy

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

A process where fertilization happens outside the body, and the embryo is placed into the uterus When: Hormone injections given from Day 2 or 3 of periods Procedure: It this, egg is combined with sperm outside the body to form embryos and then transferred into the uterus to establish a pregnancy

ICSI

A type of IVF where a single sperm is directly injected into the egg’s cytoplasm When: Same as IVF – hormone injections start from Day 2 or 3 Procedure: It’s a procedure where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to aid conception

Advanced Options

Freezing, Donor, Surrogacy, Genetic Testing

Third-Party Reproduction:

Donor Eggs or Sperm: Used when the couple cannot use their own eggs or sperm due to poor quality or genetic reasons.
Surrogacy: Another woman carries the pregnancy when the intended mother is unable to do so.

Fertility Preservation:

For female with infertility issues / those who are at risk:

Egg or Embryo Freezing: Helpful for women who are undergoing cancer treatment or want to delay pregnancy.
Ovarian Tissue Freezing: An option still being studied, mostly for younger women or girls needing cancer treatment.

For Male

Sperm Cryopreservation (freezing) - (Sperm is collected and frozen for future use.)
Sperm can be frozen and stored long-term.
Used later for IUI, IVF, or ICSI.
Sperm has been successfully used even after 40 years of storage.
Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation
- Testicular tissue containing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is frozen.
Donor Sperm: Available for patients who did not preserve sperm or tissue.
Genetic Testing & Screening:
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT): Checks embryos for genetic problems before putting them in the uterus.
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS): A detailed test to find genetic issues, especially after repeated IVF failures.

Advanced Sperm Selection Techniques:

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)/ PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) - Sperm is taken directly from the testis or epididymis in men who have no sperm in semen.
Micro-TESE (Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction): A more precise method to find sperm in men with very low sperm production.

Other Supporting Treatments:

ERA (Endometrial Receptivity Analysis): Helps find the best time to place the embryo for successful implantation.
Use of Adjuvants: eg CoQ10, Myoinositol, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, L Carnitine, Lycopene, Selenium, L Arginine, etc.

Treatment Pathways

For Mens

For Womens

Natural Planning

IUI, IVF, ICSI – What, When, & How

Freezing, Donor, Surrogacy, Genetic Testing